Ground conductivity refers to the electrical conductivity of the subsurface of the earth.
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Ground conductivity is an extremely important factor in determining the field strength and propagation of surface wave (ground wave) radio transmissions. Low frequency (30-300 kHz) and medium frequency (300-3000 kHz) radio transmissions are particularly reliant on good ground conductivity as their primary propagation is by surface wave.
Ground conductivity is sometimes used in determining the efficiency of a septic tank, using electromagnetic induction, so that contaminants do not reach the surface or nearby water supplies. [1]